After knowing primitive data types and Java rules of Data Type Casting (Type Conversion), let us cast short to int as an example.
The short takes 2 byte of memory and int takes 4 bytes of memory. Assignment of 2 bytes of memory to 4 byte of memory is done implicitly. This is known as widening conversion.
See the data types order to know the brief rules of casting.
The left-side value can be assigned to any right-side value and is done implicitly. The reverse like int to short requires explicit casting.
Examples of Java implicit casting
short x = 10;
int y = x;byte x = 10;
short y = x;
Following example on short to int explains the syntax of Java implicit casting.
public class Conversions
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
short s1 = 10; // 2 bytes
int i1 = s1; // 2 bytes assigned to 4 bytes
System.out.println("short value: " + i1); // prints 10
System.out.println("Converted int value: " + i1); // prints 10
}
}

Output screenshot of short to int Java
int i1 = s1;
The short s1 is assigned to int i1. This is done implicitly by JVM without extra efforts by Programmer.